Petrified wood is a type of fossilized wood that has been turned to stone over millions of years. It is created when minerals in groundwater replace the organic material of the wood, creating a fossilized stone-like structure. Petrified wood is typically a variety of colors, ranging from black, white, yellow, red, and even blue. This is due to the various minerals that are present in the groundwater. Petrified wood has a unique texture that is smooth and glassy, with a hardness of 5.5 on the Mohs scale. It is lightweight and can be carved and polished to create decorative pieces.